The Yurok, whose name means "downriver people," are Native Americans whose ancestors have long lived along the Klamath River and the Trinity River, its longest tributary, near the Pacific coast of Northern California. Today, many elders look back on this period in time as a horrifying experience because they lost their connection to their families, and their culture. A service provided by, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Federally Recognized Tribes of the United States, https://wwwp.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Yurok_Tribes&oldid=4085256, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The women wore skirts of dressed or some times of bark, basketry caps as there was need, cloak of furs. Elders recall getting up early in the morning, traveling by canoe to the nearest day school and returning home late at night. Initially, local tribes were resistant to come together, some outright opposed meeting with the agent. Acorn gathering grounds and camps are found throughout the mountains in Yurok territory. The mission of the Yurok Tribe is to exercise the aboriginal and sovereign rights of the Yurok People to continue forever our Tribal traditions of self-governance, cultural and spiritual preservation, stewardship of Yurok lands, waters and other natural endowments, balanced social and economic development, peace and reciprocity, and respect for the dignity and individual rights of all persons living within the jurisdiction of the Yurok Tribe… Walt McCovey Jr in a 1996 interview explained, “That river is in the life of Indian people, we depend on the fish, depend on eels, sturgeon” (McCovey 1996).
I historically they are lacking except for the most recent generations. The Yurok lived in the northwestern corner of California along the lower Klamath River and along the Pacific Coast. However, the Smith River Reservation was closed in July 1867. The Spanish explorers came in 1775, followed by fur traders in 1827 and white settlers in 1850, during the time of gold rush. The Yurok and neighboring developed a number of specializes ceremonies, especially the Deerskin and Jumping or Woodpecker dances. The treaties negotiated by McKee were sent to Congress, which was inundated with complaints from settlers claiming the Indians were receiving an excess of valuable land and resources. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Required fields are marked *.
Some dances stopped while others were … Several Yurok people were relocated to the newly established Reservation in Smith River that same year.
Like all the tribes of north west California they were essentially unwarlike, engaging, in war only for purposes of revenge. The Reservation was considerably smaller than the Yurok original ancestral territory. In the 1800s the U.S. government moved the people to a reservation and several small rancherias. Yurok tribes were known as the Pohlik-la, Ner-er-er, Petch-ik-lah, and Klamath River Indians. By 1828, the area was gaining attention because of the reports back from the American expeditions, despite the news that the local terrain was rough. Your email address will not be published. While miners established camps along the Klamath and Trinity Rivers, the federal government worked toward finding a solution to the conflicts, which dramatically increased as each new settlement was established. Additional details are given in John Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America. With the surge of settlers, the government was pressured to change laws to better protect the Yurok from loss of land and assault. Similar to other tribal groups in California, Yurok people overcame the destruction of their villages, and assimilation attempts by non-Indians. The standard reference on …
The younger generations of Yurok who survived these eras became strong advocates (as elders) for cultural revitalization. They now (1905) number 500 or 600 along Klamath river, those on the coast being very few. Although they were granted access, many faced harsh prejudice and stereotypes. The territory of the Yurok extended from Bluff Creek 6 miles above the mouth of the Trinity, down Klamath River to its mouth, and on the coast from beyond … The Yurok canneries were established near the mouth of the Klamath River beginning in 1876. The men are less, inclined to he stout than in the interior and in central California. Within each village, houses were constructed primarily of redwood and each house had a name.
Their population … Children were abused by missionaries for using the Yurok language and observing cultural and ceremonial traditions. In 1870 the number on the, river was said to be 2,700. Ⓒ 2020 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. Over time, the use of boarding schools declined and day schools were established on the Yurok Reservation. Location. This form of education continued until the 1860s when the Fort and Agency were washed away. The sweathouse is another structure found within each village. 1, Sec. The Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, An Australian clan: the Nivisions of New England, The Descendants of Meredith Edwards of Westmoreland County, Virginia, The family tree of John Steele, 1842 to 1962, The Pollak Family of Pressburg, Hungary and Vienna, Austria, Southern kith and kin; a record of my children’s ancestors, An Account of the Captivity of Hugh Gibson. Tribe History. They were particularly adapted for use on the rapid river, but were also used for going out to sea. Western education was imposed on Yurok children beginning in the late 1850s at Fort Terwer and at the Agency Office at Wauk-ell. By the end of the gold rush era at least 75% of the Yurok people died due to massacres and disease, while other tribes in California saw a 95% loss of life. This form of education continued until the 1860s when the Fort and Agency were washed away.
Families hid the practice of teaching traditional ways, while others succumbed to the western philosophy of education and left their traditional ways behind. (Yurok Tribe 2007). When we refer to ourselves we say Oohl, meaning Indian people. The Yurok ancestral land is approximately 1,148 square miles (Pilling, 1978) with villages placed along the Klamath River and Pacific Ocean. The Jump Dance returned to Pek-won in 1984, a War Dance demonstration was held in the late 1980s, and communities came together to support the revitalization of Brush Dances along the river and the coast. The government was able to suppress the Red Cap Indians and regained control over the upper Yurok Reservation. They lived with the constant fear of being caught and returned to the school. The name Yurok comes from the Karuk word for “downriver”, this is the most widely used word to describe the Tribe and people. Yurok children, sent to live at the Hoopa Valley Reservation, continued to be taught by missionaries. Families and descendants are associated with these specific house names (Waterman 1920: 208). The primary game are deer and elk, but other smaller animals are also utilized. One of the first documented visits in the local area was by the Spanish in the 1700s. The Yurok built rectangular houses using wood from redwood trees. Address: Of recent years this has been discontinued, the few surviving Indians having allotments in severalty. and considerably above the average Californian in stature.
Address: 190 Klamath Blvd., P.O. Although they were granted access, many faced harsh prejudice and stereotypes. The Yurok are fairly tall for Pacific Coast Indians (168 cm.) Many squatters did not vacate and waited for military intervention, which was slow to come. Del Norte County Historical Society Many Yurok people went to extreme measures to hold on to their traditional ways. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Their canoes were less than 20 feet in length, square at both ends, made of redwood. Elders recall getting up early in the morning, traveling by canoe to the nearest day school, and returning home late at night. The fact that they were at day schools did not eliminate the constant pressure to forget their language and culture. Several Yurok people were relocated to the newly established Reservation in Smith River that same year. Learn how your comment data is processed. Most of the so-called wars of the Yurok were private feuds, participated in by villages. This form of education continued until the 1860s when the Fort and Agency were washed away. Western education was imposed on Yurok children beginning in the late 1850s at Fort Terwer and at the Agency Office at Wauk-ell. While miners established camps along the Klamath and Trinity Rivers, the federal government worked toward finding a solution to the conflicts, which dramatically increased as each new settlement was established. The Yurok reservation of 63,035 acres (25,509 ha) has an 80% poverty rate and 70% of the inhabitants do not have telephone service or electricity, according to the tribe's Web page. Families often hid their children when they saw government officials. Initially, local tribes were resistant to come together; some outright opposed meeting with the agent. 707-464-3922, Copyright Del Norte County Historical Society - All rights reserved | Site by. The Yurok people traditionally dwelt in small villages that were permanent settlements, most of which existed as early as the 14 th century. Yurok children, sent to live at the Hoopa Valley Reservation continued to be taught by missionaries. Some dances stopped while others were revitalized. Actually the Government has interfered very little with the Yurok who have always been self-supporting. The other primary food source for the Yurok is acorns. Young people who were eager to learn Yurok traditions did so and for the past twenty years Yurok traditional ceremonies have continued. A tribe living on lower Klamath River, California, and the adjacent coast constituting the Weitspekan linguistic family. The Yurok People: The Klamath Tribe - History, Culture and Affiliations. 577 H Street M-F ~ 8:30 to 5:00pmPhone: 1-530- 625-4130Fax: 1-530- 625-4148, Eureka/Cutten Office3969 Walnut DriveCutten, CA.
When Fort Terwer was established, many Yurok families were relocated and forced to learn farming and the English language. Over time the use of boarding schools declined and day schools were established on the Yurok Reservation. Yurok is an Algonquian language. The fact that they were at day schools did not eliminate the constant pressure to forget their language and culture. They are known as fishermen, basket weavers, …
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