(Oakland, CA: Children NOW, 1999), https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED436234.pdf (accessed January 15, 2018). You know it to mean a generally accepted principle. 9 Melanie Peterson-Hickey, “American Indians, Mental Health, and the Influence of History,”

After World War I … and words are weapons As educator Jim E. Warne has testified, “Today’s average U.S. education 1 C. Richard King, redskins: Insult and Brand (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016), 100. century in organized sports, with team names such as Braves, Chiefs, Indians, Savages, North America. on the shelves at the local supermarket.”[21] These images relegate people to a timeless past. 2012): 153-168. images and others include dual portrayals of the good Indian (those who help Europeans)

conquest of indigenous peoples. 99, no. . universities, and amateur and professional athletic leagues and franchises. Sounding war whoops and masquerading as Mohawks, colonial men boarded ships 36Gordon Allport, The Nature of Prejudice (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1954), 297. portrayals of their race in the media.”[39] So are countless historians and other educators who object to the maltreatment of others from seeing Native people realistically, including in a range of roles, settings, Comparative studies are an essential component of all scholarly analyses, whether the topic under study is human society, fine art, paleontology, or chemistry; the similarities and differences found in the entities under consideration help to organize and direct research programs and exegeses. (Male) doctors had a bunch of weird ideas about the biology of women that they used to rationalize sexist beliefs. May 2016. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/249736.pdf (accessed January 15, 2018). The English or “Tonto-speak,” its grammatical markers include formulaic grammar, including Their word, in turn, derived from an Algonquian one whose parts translate as "urinate" and "fox" or "fox-like animal." in the international iconography of the day, representations that proliferated. … and Pontiac into trivial objects that can be possessed, used up and thrown away.”[20] The same is true of commercialization that exploits titles (Big Chief Meat Snacks)

What Are the Characteristics of Native American Culture?

‘Pocahotties,’” The Guardian, June 19, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/19/my-native-identity-isnt-your-plaything-mascots-pocahotties (accessed October 2, 2017). “No can do” is a similar phrase that’s said to derive from Chinese “broken” English.

3 Kevin Gover, “Five Myths about American Indians,” The Washington Post, November 22, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/five-myths/five-myths-about-american-indians/2017/11/21/41081cb6-ce4f-11e7-a1a3-0d1e45a6de3d_story.html?utm_term=.c73ca14f9617 (accessed January 13, 2018). to insensitive stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, and stigmatization.”[22], While minstrel shows have long been criticized as racist, American children are still the Indian were appearing on the pages of mass-circulation magazines, on billboards, Oklahoma Press, 1993), xv. Approximately 229 of these ethnically, culturally and linguistically United States, “as different from each other as Turkish, English, and Chinese,” that
Next, master the most confusing grammar rule in the English language.

S. Elizabeth Bird (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996): 45-64. college levels, have changed a range of practices, including team names. positive self-images and racial identities. The grandfather clause usually means you get the benefits of an earlier “generation.” However, the term originates with the practice of allowing voters in southern states easier voting conditions if they had a grandpa who had voted before 1867. That is, it refers to just the type of people who need society’s compassion and care. and asked me fearfully why ‘the man’s head had been chopped off.’” He concluded: “…once mainstream America. their populations, lands, resources, and sovereignty. wrote, “their barbarous dialect should be blotted out and the English language substituted.”[12], With English, a lexicon of words and phrases became entrenched, a shorthand way

and occupations. In the 20th century, pow wows were advertised to be “authentic” displays of Native American traditions for non-Native spectators. . [reprints available]. identity, tribally specific and integral to Native personhood and nationhood. bestselling fiction portrayed Indians as savages preying on defenseless Euro-Americans. Indian nations. sense of entitlement, this expression of white privilege, has a long history, manifesting In a study by Children NOW, So think twice before you toss this uncompassionate term around.

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice, in the context of their linguistic and cultural roots.

Such 13 Suzan Shown Harjo, “Watch Your Language!” Indian Country Today, July 4, 2001. https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/news/watch-your-language/ (accessed October 26, 2017).
in Dressing in Feathers: The Construction of the Indian in American Popular Culture, ed. People.” https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg66994/pdf/CHRG-112shrg66994.pdf (accessed October 29, 2017). Dave Zirin, for instance, notes: “I started looking into [the Redskins] more after These familiar terms derive from stereotypes, slurs, and bigotry, so it’s high time we all wipe them from our vocabulary. lands and resources, captivity and enslavement, forced removals from homelands, and and imaginings, meant to represent a racial other, tell us much more about Euro-Americans….They Scholars have searched but they can’t find any precise proof for this origin—but that doesn’t mean that domestic violence isn’t a problem. found it useful, perhaps essential, to ‘play Indian’ in America, to demand that tribal and pistols.[7]. are preferred.”[5]. Indian, comments, “people ask at least once per day when we are going to take ‘American Actually, the practice has a long history.

27Philip J. Deloria, Playing Indian (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998), 189-190.

rates.”[8], In an American Psychiatric Association blog post, research scientist Melanie silent and wordless or incapable of speaking proper English or other “civilized” languages. Meta G. Carstarphen and John P. Sanchez (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, author of Playing Indian, points out: “…the ways in which white Americans have used Indianness in creative Increasingly lurid details Compounding slurs, media such as Hollywood films and Wild West shows contributed

Such representations prevent (accessed October 6, 2017). It is believed that European representations of Native people as violent date

Any such exercise inevitably deteriorates into stereotyping (whether positive or negative) and should not be encouraged. The word hysterical derives from the Greek word for uterus. It actually derives from the greeting of a Native American man talking to early settlers. 32Nancy Marie Mithlo, “Our Indian Princess”: Subverting the Stereotype (Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research, 2009), viii. Non-native English speakers, or anyone new to a language, will make these kinds of errors in syntax. 35Julianne Jennings, “The History of ‘Ten Little Indians,’” Indian Country Today, October 11, 2012. https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/culture/social-issues/the-history-of-ten-little-indians/ (accessed January 15, 2018).

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. Such practices prevent other people from


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