Comparative Akpes. ], At left, see a map of estimated climate and vegetation for parts of Africa relevant to us from about 19,000-8,500 BCE; for conrast, at right, the same area from 8,500-6,500 BCE.6, While climatological estimations and datings for the region  vary, archaeologists and physical anthropologists appear to agree that human populations physically resembling those of contemporary sub-Saharan Africans (labeled “Sudanese” according to broad features of physical type) lived south of the Sahara, limited to the zones labelled above left as “rainforest” and “savanna” (probably mostly occupying the latter), and then they moved more northward as foragers during the early Holocene period (following about 10,000 BCE), where greater diversity of resources were evolving with the increased rainfall regimes, including lakes, streams, and richer vegetation. Fali of Baissa and Tita are also Benue–Congo but are otherwise unclassified. The Volta–Niger family of languages, also known as West Benue–Congo or East Kwa, is … Some people in Africa show no Bantu traces in their DNA. ), This page was last edited on 21 June 2020, at 20:28. Publications in African Languages and Linguistics, 14. The Hausa kingdoms,  well-known historically by the 15th century C.E, arose out of  the mists of time from this long-resident Chadic-speaker matrix, and Hausa then spread far and wide as a trade language.40  These Chadic groups are important to the deep history of our region, but how their distribution relative to the languages labelled “Volta” on the color map just above came about remains mysterious. This represents 30% of the African population. Journal of West African Languages 13: 91-147. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan. Eventually they occupied most of the regions labelled above right “woodland”, “dry savanna”. Change ). It is very easy to distinguish between the two groups as the Nguni languages (Xhosa, Ndebele, Swazi, and Zulu) have a distinctive click while the Sotho-Tswana does not. Some, like Ehret49, think it began several thousand years earlier. Even though many reasons for the expansion remain inconclusive, the Bantu speaking people are believed to have migrated because of their agricultural lifestyle especially with the discovery of yams and bananas. Controversy Trails Killing of Benue's 'Most Wanted' Criminal, Gana, Controversy has trailed the killing of notorious Benue gang leader, Terwase Akwaza, also known as Gana as the Benue State Governor, Samuel Ortom, accused the Nigerian Army of… Read more », Nigeria:   This is Map 2, p.163. [, Portions of the Adamawa-Ubangi sub-group, not demarcated here,  underwent a very substantial expansion eastward, out of an inferred homeland in the Adamawa highlands of northeastern Nigeria and Northern Cameroon (where the Adamawa subgroup’s distribution centers). 2010. Here consider mainly the sub-divisions of what we are (with Blench) calling “East Benue-Congo“:  Central Nigerian, Ukaan (? The significant contrast here is between the reconstructed complex of “Gur-Adamawa” on the one hand and Kru on the other. One of the experiments by the Ghanaian El Anatsui, who has spent his remarkably productive career at UNN, is to Blend two other West African indigenous forms with uli; his native aainkara and the nsibidi of speakers of the Benue-Congo languages in Nigeria's southernmost eastern districts. When Benue–Congo was first proposed by Joseph Greenberg (1963), it included Volta–Niger (as West Benue–Congo); the boundary between Volta–Niger and Kwa has been repeatedly debated.

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