The latest update of the aerosol MODIS retrieval algorithms over land and oceans known as collection 6 (C6) for all three algorithms over land and ocean (Levy et al., 2013; Sayer et al., 2013; Hsu et al., 2013).
The selection of free satellite imagery in EarthExplorer is overwhelming: from optical and radar data to weather satellite images to digital elevation maps. The name "Terra" comes from the Latin word for Earth. More than 650 wildfires are blazing in California after unprecedented lightning strikes, storms, and a heatwave that has set new records in the state and NASA’s Terra satellite captured the smoke-engulfed state on Aug. 24, 2020. The Terra (formerly called EOS AM-1) satellite is the flagship of NASA's Earth Science Missions. (1993) and recommended in 2009 for drought investigation and early warning systems by World Meteorological Organization (WMO). As both SMOS and MODIS come under low Earth orbiting satellites, they have local equatorial crossing times of approximately 6:00 am/6:00 pm in the case of SMOS, and 10:30 pm/10:30 am for Terra, in ascending/descending nodes.

The second generation of the DB algorithm known as C6 was extended to retrieve aerosols over the entire land mass (except snow/ice surfaces), not only over bright surfaces. The gamma distribution was used for transformation into a normal distribution (Guttman, 1999). Terra is the first EOS (Earth Observing System) platform and provides global data on the state of the atmosphere, land, and oceans, as well as their interactions with solar radiation and with one another. Earth Observing System (EOS) Launch Date: December 18, 1999 Tracking 21499 objects as of 4-Oct-2020 HD Live streaming from Space Station. The MODIS Terra satellite LST obtained through MODIS Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/) is used in this study. Minnett, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (Second Edition), 2001.

[8], Starting in 2007, increased thermal resistance in the SWIR cryocooler of the ASTER instrument caused the temperature to gradually increase. Animation of Terra's orbit around the Earth. Christopher J.

They included many instrumental developments and were designed to take measurements for studying many components of the earth system, land, atmosphere, and cryosphere, as well as the ocean (Kilpatrick et al., 2015).

Due to vegetation canopy reflectance of NIR and RED absorbance, the amount of this index is greater for green vegetation and close to zero for water, bare soil, and rock. where yk is equal to Ln(αki), yk¯ the average of yk, and σˆyk is the standard deviation. For 20 years, Terra, the flagship Earth observing satellite, has chronicled changes on Earth. The DB algorithm used the blue channels (412 and 470 nm) whereas the surface reflectance at shorter wavelength channels is much lower than the longer wavelength channels (Hsu et al., 2004). (2014). 17.1 and vegetation indices of MODIS sensor from the NASA Terra satellite. It was placed into a near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 705 km (438 mi), with a 10:30am descending node. Measurements of these gases are made by intercepting the IR radiation coming from the planet and then isolating the required signals. ), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Zuletzt bearbeitet am 12. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill oil slick as seen from space by NASA's Terra satellite on May 1, 2010. The effects of the European winter storms of 2009–2010 on Great Britain, seen from Terra. The EVI improves NDVI by optimizing the vegetation signals through blue band to minimize canopy background variations and removes residual atmospheric contamination caused by dust and clouds (Huete et al., 1997). The identifier "AM-1" refers to its orbit, passing over the equator in the morning. Merchant, ... Eileen Maturi, in, Satellite Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Temperatures*, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (Second Edition), Remote Sensing of Aerosols From Space: Retrieval of Properties and Applications, Alaa Mhawish, ... Tirthankar Banerjee, in, Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation, Youn et al., 2011; Kumar et al., 2016, 2017b, Kumar et al., 2015b; Murari et al., 2015; Sen et al., 2014, 2017, Effects of drought on vegetative cover changes: Investigating spatiotemporal patterns, Iranian Department of Water Resource Management (IDWRM, 2016), Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology. [8], In June and October 2008 the spacecraft was targeted by hackers who gained unauthorized access to its command and control systems, but did not issue any commands.[10]. This index varies between − 1 to + 1 which for vegetation is generally between 0.2 and 0.8.

Jürgen Ehlers, ... Philip D. Hughes, in Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 2011.

Further, AOD retrieved on the mid-visible wavelength is mostly low around the world (Hsu et al., 2004).

Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 12. Sen et al. Der Satellit kostete 1,3 Milliarden US Dollar. This leads to aerosol retrievals by single-view sensors (SeaWiFS, VIIRS, AVHRR, and MODIS) using the DT algorithm being practically unsuitable for scientific exploration. [7] The data collected by Terra will ultimately become a new, 15-year global data set.


[9], On October 13, 2009, Terra suffered a single battery cell failure anomaly and a battery heater control anomaly likely the result of a Micrometeoroid or Orbital Debris (MMOD) strike. MODIS is much more complex than other radiometers used for SST measurement, but uses the same atmospheric windows. For MODIS data, the NDSI is formulated as (Choubin et al., 2017b).


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