All three forms are marked with the morpheme /b/. A group of students learn the mountain Maidu language from Farrell Cunningham in Nevada County. Object: The object case also has two allomorphs. Verb Inflection The third suffix is used commonly and appears to have an obscure meaning.
Maidu has eighteen consonantal phonemes. These peoples lived in an area around what are now called Mount Lassen, Honey Lake, Sacramento, and Lake Tahoe. • minne-your mother The monitive optative, marked with /y'y/, indicates a possible future event that is unpleasant or undesirable in nature, such as wonoby'ys 'I might die'. Some verbs, like /sol/ 'sing' are composed of a single simple root. /maj/ does not occur in the singular, and so constructions using /my/ serve as the third person singular. ', Linear distributive: The linear distributive is marked with /no/. These suffixes mark the verb for expression of tense, aspect, mode, person, and number. Subject, Object, and Locative Phrases -/t'a/ on top The Verb is usually clause final, except in cases where the Possessive is present. THE DATA PRESENTED ON THIS SITE IS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The word order V-O-O never occurs. Pronouns This allows you to navigate through multiple sections without scrolling endlessly. Separate indicative modes occur for present-past, future, habitual past, and past punctual. The nouns of this class are more limited in use than other nouns, as they are always subject to possession by another noun. The only exception to this free word order occurs when there are two object.
These classes are subject, object, possessive, and locative. See more. The cases are: Other Pasts: the habitual past, marked with /'/ for past and /us/ for habit, indicates an action that was habitually done in the past, such as weje'usas 'I used to talk', or penem nikkotoc'om 'yhej'usan 'My two grandmothers used to go along'. Maidu /ˈmaɪduː/,[3] also Northeastern Maidu or Mountain Maidu, is an extinct Maiduan language spoken by Maidu peoples traditionally in the mountains east and south of Lassen Peak in the American River and Feather River river drainages.
Imperative: The imperative mode is marked by several different morphemes, depending on how the action is to be carried out. Along with these, there is a second plural morpheme /t'yt'y/ which indicates both plurality and a diminutive sense. -/bew/ a little more mym p'ybem 'as lalambewk'an 'That boy got a little taller', Evidential The evidential class consists of three individual morphemes. Verbal Object The designation of the verbal object takes five different forms. This morpheme also occurs in words like /wonoti/ 'to kill', literally 'to cause to die.'. An 82-year-old linguist and his young protégé are among the last speakers of a native California language -- and its final chance", "Keeping mountain Maidu language alive.
The nouns of this class are more limited in use than other nouns, as they are always subject to possession by another noun. The hortatory optative is marked by /a/, and usually uses /t/ as an allomorph of the optative marker. (Shipley 1964) harv error: no target: CITEREFShipley1964 (help), The notation /j/ represents the palatal glide, the same as the spelling y in English yes. harv error: no target: CITEREFShipley1964 (, "Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English", "Maidu Traditionalist and Language Instructor Farrell Cunningham Passes", "Keepers of a Lost Language. The basic clause in Maidu contains one Verb phrase, between zero and two Subject phrases, between zero and four locative phrases, and possibly one Possessive phrase. •Indefinite locative The minor classes are Connectives, Hesitation forms, Emphasis marker, Temporal Absolute, Adverbial Absolute, Interjection, and Question word. kuludi kak'as 'ynojbodukkym 'I seldom walk around in the dark'. The first class consists of kinship terms, although it interestingly does not include the terms for child and son. The phrases are relatively unrestricted in word order. -/daw/ down and away without and indication of a goal in the movement This form indicates the idea 'let' as in 'yk'ojtas 'let me go'. -/n/ downstream, downhill (usually implies southwest) /'us/ is a reflexive suffix, as in wonoti'us'am 'he killed himself.' -/k'oj/ away from here History. â¢Ablative
There are several different word classes that go into making a Maidu sentence, split into the major and the minor classes. Word Order After a k or k', the preceding vowel is duplicated, so /banak'/ becomes /banak'a/. Locative: The locative case is marked with /di/. ⢠minne-your mother Plurality is marked only in first person, otherwise 2nd and 3rd person have no marking to differentiate duality or plurality. Maidu may also refer to the related Konkow and Nisenan languages. -/pin/ hither, no implication of goal
Subject: The nominative case is marked either by the addition of an /m/ such as /wepam/ from /wepa/ 'coyote' or the deletion of the final consonant as in /ni/ from /nik/ 'I'. Use with the singular form is common, while dual and plural are relatively rare. Maidu (alternative names: Mountain Maidu, Northeastern Maidu): 2 speakers according to UNESCO and SIL. Although Maidu language's are used here we encourage input from all language's as well as the creation of Where Are Your Keys? -/waj/ apart Also called verb endings, noun endings, etc. This morpheme also occurs in words like /wonoti/ 'to kill', literally 'to cause to die.'.
'yk'oj'is 'I'm going to go' The cases are:
In … nik?opam jaluluni solti'usan 'my grandfather used to play on a flute' or mym mahatim kak'an wolek'i lawani japem 'that bread is made with white man's flour'. -/ky/ seems hes hututini wejepem kakyk'an 'How crazily he seems to talk'. Some of these suffixes can occur together in limited constructions: /c'opin/ 'up over the edge and hither', /c'ono/ 'over the edge of something; in a circle', /noje/ 'aimlessly', and /sippin/ 'out of and hither'. The only way to expand upon the Subject, Object, or Locative is with a preceding Possessive. •Motion-Location /by/-/doj/-/nu/ becomes bydonu 'to stick up'. â¢Instrumental Similar to nouns, the verb stems in Maidu result from several different sources. : endings that get put on the end of a word.
These cases are classified into four external distribution classes. Optative: The optative mode occurs in three different forms. Subjunctive: the subjunctive mode, marked with /k'e/, occurs only with /jak/ 'resemble' and /na/ 'result in', such as jakk'es 'I seem to be'. Use with the singular form is common, while dual and plural are relatively rare. - WAYK - pages in all language's.
: sentence part that identifies who/what the action is effecting, : a word component that comes after other suffixes, : a word component that comes before the root or stem. that is doing the action of the verb or has the action of the verb done to them. Subject: The nominative case is marked either by the addition of an /m/ such as /wepam/ from /wepa/ 'coyote' or the deletion of the final consonant as in /ni/ from /nik/ 'I'. -/no/ along, no implication of direction or attitude /weleno/ 'to run along' Clauses with a Possessive are limited to a single Subject phrase.
Still others are the result of a verb and an auxiliary verb, and finally a set of verbs involving motion uses /'y/ as its first compound.
wolenan 'as 'uni mek'as 'I got this from the white man', Indefinite locative: The indefinite locative is marked with /te/. -/doj/ inchoative nik'i lenom 'as jotitdojdom kak'an 'My garden is beginning to bloom and become green' •Comitative /doj/, /kit/, /k'oj/, and /mit/ all lose their final consonant before the suffix /nu/, which indicates duration. These river regions include such valleys in the northern Sierra Nevada mountains of California as: Indian Valley, American Valley, Butte Valley, and Big Meadows.
-/doj/ inchoative nik'i lenom 'as jotitdojdom kak'an 'My garden is beginning to bloom and become green' -/waj/ apart Verb Theme Like the indefinite locative, this case is used very rarely. The Subject and Locative may occur within an expanded verb phrase, making Verb-Subject-Object and Adverb-Locative-Verb potential sentence constructions. Maidu has eighteen consonantal phonemes.
-/nu/ durative
The most common word order is Subject-Locative-Verb. â¢Possessive. Maidu nouns are divided into two classes. â¢Causative We provide support services for the many practitioners of Maiduan languages. The lowest and most central allophones occur in unstressed closed syllables. These next seven cases all belong to the locative class: Maidu /ˈmaɪduː/, also Northeastern Maidu or Mountain Maidu, is an extinct Maiduan language spoken by Maidu peoples traditionally in the mountains east and south of Lassen Peak in the American River and Feather River river drainages. The lowest and most central allophones occur in unstressed closed syllables. 'adom 'unim sewno momi kutidom t'uc'ikdom sewi 'odo tawalwonom 'Then, draining out all of the water along this river and damming up the river, they worked the gold.'. -/c'yj/ unable hybonam jysipc'yjk'as 'I can't get out of the house' The verb is completed by the addition of five inflectional suffixes. The most common word order is Subject-Locative-Verb. This case usually means 'toward' and rarely means 'for'. The Verb and the Object have an unrestricted arrangement. The majority of words consist of alternating consonants and vowels, while combinations such as CVCVCCV also occur. It may work to create the transitive form of a verb, although this is not always the case. Expansions of the Verb occur only with an Object. Nominative is used for the performer of a verb, both A and B in a sentence where A=B, naming, and for the vocative. suggest edits. The stem /kyle/ 'woman' is notable in that is usually occurs as /kyle/, but may alternate to /kylok/ when attached with suffixes to form 'old woman' and 'women.'. The syllables in Maidu follow a basic CV or CVC structure. Number Inflection in Nouns The pronouns are /nik'/ first person, /min/ second person, /maj/ third person, and /my/ demonstrative. The voiced plosives (/b/ & /d/) are implosive, but do not contrast with simple voiced stops. Maidu verbs consist of the verbal theme along a series of suffixes. The first subclass contains nouns whose root and stem are identical, such as /wepa/ "coyote." We have created a browser extension.
Some verbs, like /sol/ 'sing' are composed of a single simple root.
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