The dark, wedge-shaped bill is 2–2.5 cm (0.79–0.98 in) long and slightly upturned. A study published in 2009 examined turnstones wintering along a stretch of coastline in the Firth of Clyde. The same study also confirmed ruddy turnstones as one of the longest lived wader species, with annual adult mortality rates of under 15%.

The Ruddy Turnstone is a compact shorebird with distinctive plumages and bright orange legs. In the Americas, the species winters on coastlines from Washington and Massachusetts southwards to the southern tip of South America although it is scarce in southern parts of Chile and Argentina and is only an unconfirmed vagrant in the Falkland Islands. Ruddy Turnstone, Vasai, Maharashtra, India in December, in flight, non-breeding plumage, Madagascar. It often flips over stones and other objects to get at prey items hiding underneath; this behaviour is the origin of the name "turnstone". Insects are particularly important in the breeding season. Download this stock image: Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), juvenile standing on the ground - HR5Y9B from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors.

It is a monogamous bird and pairs may remain together for more than one breeding season. The Canadian Wildlife Service estimates that the worldwide population of ruddy turnstones is 449,000, and that 235,000 are breeding in North America while the rest are breeding throughout the Arctic regions. In the majority of observed cases, turnstones typically go after undefended or unattended nests, puncturing the shells with their beaks to get at the contents within.

[3], Ruddy turnstones engage in a variety of behaviours to locate and capture prey. Juveniles look like nonbreeding birds, but have rusty edges to the feathers on the upperparts. Ruddy turnstones can survive in a wide range of habitats and climatic conditions from Arctic to tropical. They are very common and widespread. It is often found on man-made structures such as breakwaters and jetties. It is now classified in the sandpiper family Scolopacidae but was formerly sometimes placed in the plover family Charadriidae. There is evidence that turnstones vary between these feeding behaviours based on individual preference, sex, and even social status with respect to other turnstones.

The ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) is a small wading bird, one of two species of turnstone in the genus Arenaria.

Distinctive plumage; in spring and summer, shows bold black-and-white face pattern, bright rufous-and-black wings, and orange legs. In Asia, it is widespread in the south with birds wintering as far north as southern China and Japan (mainly in the Ryukyu Islands). Walks along shorelines turning over rocks and debris to look for flies and midges hiding underneath.

Incubation begins when the first egg is laid and lasts for about 22–24 days. Your Online Guide To Birds And Bird Watching. It occurs south to Tasmania and New Zealand and is present on many Pacific islands. Duller brown in winter but still shows shadow of distinct facial pattern and dark breast. Breeding females are paler than males. The eggs measure about 41 mm × 29 mm (1.6 in × 1.1 in) and weigh around 17.9 g (0.63 oz).

It is about 11 cm (4.3 in) across and 3 cm (1.2 in) deep. Short, pointed bill. The belly is white, and the head is … Hammer–probing — The turnstone cracks open its prey's shell by using its bill as a hammer, and then extracts the animal inside through pecking and probing.

Birds of the subspecies morinella are smaller with darker upperparts and less streaking on the crown.

When these dominant individuals were temporarily removed, some of the subordinates started to rout, while others enacted no change in foraging strategy. Short, stocky, oval-shaped shorebird with a stout and slightly upturned bill.

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