Electoral reformers have advocated all three as replacement systems.[47]. Countries such as the U.K., Australia, Canada and most of those in Europe have transferred responsibility for defining constituency boundaries to neutral or cross-party bodies. When mapped, one of the contorted districts in the Boston area was said to resemble the shape of a mythological salamander. The Brookings Institution. Gerrymandering can affect campaign costs for district elections. Currently, in Northern Ireland, all elections use STV except those for positions in the Westminster Parliament, which follow the pattern in the rest of the United Kingdom by using "first past the post.". gerrymander (third-person singular simple present gerrymanders, present participle gerrymandering, simple past and past participle gerrymandered), Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary, a voting district skewed by gerrymandering, Olga Kornienko, Grinin L, Ilyin I, Herrmann P, Korotayev A (2016) , “, Social and Economic Background of Blending, https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=gerrymander&oldid=59970578, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 1.2.1 Translations; 1.3 Verb; English . The states of Washington,[126] Arizona,[127] and California[128] have created standing committees for redistricting following the 2010 census. [40] There are not winner-takes-all elections in Spain except for the tiny territories of Ceuta and Melilla (which only have one representative each); everywhere else the number of representatives assigned to a constituency is proportional to its population and calculated according to a national law, so tampering with under- or over-representation is difficult too. [115], Turkey has used gerrymandering in the city of İstanbul in the 2009 municipal elections.

A 1987 constitutional amendment prevented that situation from reoccurring. NewsWorks. [54], As of July 2007, shortest-splitline redistricting pictures, based on the results of the 2000 census, are available for all 50 states. 38, December, 1860" by. If districts become increasingly stretched out, candidates must pay increased costs for transportation and trying to develop and present campaign advertising across a district. [133], In 2015, an analyst reported that the two major parties differ in the way they redraw districts. Example sentences containing gerrymander However, when a party wins so many districts in any one of the 16 federal states that those seats alone count for more than its proportional share of the vote in that same state does the districting have some influence on larger parties—those extra seats, called "Überhangmandate", remain.

an act of gerrymandering (dividing a voting area so as to give your own party an unfair advantage).

[55], It is possible to define a specific minimum isoperimetric quotient,[56] proportional to the ratio between the area and the square of the perimeter of any given congressional voting district. In most mixed systems, winning a voting district merely means that a candidate is guaranteed a seat in parliament, but does not expand a party’s share in the overall seats. In stark contrast to the redistricting efforts that followed the 2000 census, the redistricting commission has created a number of the most competitive congressional districts in the country.[30]. To help ensure neutrality, members of a redistricting agency may be appointed from relatively apolitical sources such as retired judges or longstanding members of the civil service, possibly with requirements for adequate representation among competing political parties.

Say rejecting map is only fix to gerrymandering. [109], Members of opposition parties claim that the Group Representation Constituency system is "synonymous to gerrymandering", pointing out examples of Cheng San GRC and Eunos GRC which were dissolved by the Elections Department with voters redistributed to other constituencies after opposition parties gained ground in elections.

Programa FLACSO-Chile. Additionally, members of the board can be denied access to information that might aid in gerrymandering, such as the demographic makeup or voting patterns of the population.

In the 2012 election for the state legislature, that gap in wasted votes meant that one party had 48.6% of the two-party votes but won 61% of the 99 districts.[26]. [81] However, in the 2007 provincial election only seven of 20 incumbent Members of the Legislative Assembly were re-elected (seven did not run for re-election), and the government was defeated. All redistricting in the United States has been contentious because it has been controlled by political parties vying for power. In the modern regime, there were three designs: in 1958 (regime change), 1987 (by Charles Pasqua) and 2010 (by Alain Marleix), three times by conservative governments.

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