BBS data for the most recently available ten-year period (2004 to 2014) show an ongoing significant decrease of 5.0% per year in Canada, for a cumulative decline of 42%. Kaiser, A.C. Stewart, and M.C.E. Evening Grosbeaks appear to show a clear preference for the seeds of Manitoba Maple, which stay on the tree during fall and winter (Taverner 1921). Journal of Forestry81:433-435. In British Columbia, spring movements begin in late March or early April, and reach a peak in the last week of April, then decline through May (Campbell et al. Other insecticides (Mimic) is being used as well that may affect EVGR but data are lacking.
Future area burned in Canada. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. Bernard. Global Change Biology 13:1630-1643. The Condor 106:161-165. Wilson Bulletin 86:121-124.
2005; Krawchuk and Cumming 2011) and the average rate of precipitation (by 5%; Plummer et al. 976 pp. and F.A.H. Aires infestées par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette au Québec en 2014 Version 1.1.
Taylor, P. 1997. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada.
M.Sc.
Birds of the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone. Bird-Banding 27:166-170. Studies in Avian Biology (No. 2000). C.v. vespertinus breeds from Alberta to the Maritimes and overwinters from the breeding range down to the southeastern United States; C.v. brooksi breeds from British Columbia and southwestern Alberta in the Rocky Mountains (Godfrey 1986) to the southwestern United States and overwinters from the breeding range to as far south as Texas (Clements 2007). Map panel illustrating the distribution (based on grid cells) of Evening Grosbeaks in Quebec during the second atlas period (2010 to 2014) (right panel). A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America (J.R. Jehl, Jr., and N.K. Breeding birds of Ontario: nidiology and distribution.
Plummer, D.A., D. Caya, A. Frigon, H. Côté, M. Giguère, D. Paquin, S. Biner, R. Harvey, and R. de Elia, 2006: Climate and Climate Change over North America as Simulated by the Canadian RCM. I had a flock of grosbeaks arrive in December at my feeder in Bear Lake, Utah. 522-523 in Stewart, R.L.M., K.A.
The Canadian range of Evening Grosbeak currently extends from Yukon to Newfoundland and Labrador, and includes parts of all provinces and territories except Nunavut (Figure 3). All the same, because these limitations remain consistent over time and the BBS has a standardized design and relatively stable extent of coverage, the BBS is believed to be valuable for assessing Evening Grosbeak trends. November 2014. Lepage, D. and C.M. Clearcut logging can include a short rotation time (i.e., 40-70 years) between harvests, which limits forests from reaching maturity (Schieck and Song 2006) and achieving a diverse forest structure (Bonter and Harvey 2008; Wells 2011), both of which are important for Evening Grosbeak. Will climate change drive 21st century burn rates in Canadian boreal forest outside of its natural variability: collating global climate model experiments with sedimentary charcoal data. Evening Grosbeak has a particularly strong attraction to salt (Fraser 1985), frequently consuming sodium chloride or calcium chloride along roadsides (Wilson 1981; Fraser 1985; Taylor 1997; Campbell et al. 1993.
For example, both the abundance index of Evening Grosbeak from CBC data for North America and the total defoliated area in Canada start to increase sharply in mid-1960s and both reached a peak in 1972 and 1975 respectively, then values of both decreased gradually until approximately 1994 (Figure 6 and Figure 17).
Forecasting the response of Spruce Budworm defoliation to climate change in Ontario. Life Sci.
Government of Canada. Songbird community composition versus forest rotation age in Saskatchewan boreal mixedwood forest.
Differences in bird species richness and abundance among three successional stages of aspen-dominated boreal forests. Evening Grosbeak distribution declined in the Boreal Forest and Parkland Natural Regions between the first (1987-1991) and second (2000-2005) survey periods, but remained stable in the Foothills Natural Region, where frequency of occurrence was highest (Federation of Alberta Naturalists 2007).
Québec Oiseaux1:8-11. Boreal Avian Modeling Project. 1996. Étude des populations d'oiseaux du Québec (Version 2014-10-27) [databases]. It is unknown what percentage of Evening Grosbeaks visit feeders. [accessed October 2015]. Dunn, E.H., J. Larivée, and A. Cyr. Cooper, G.W. Home range size varies considerably and is likely associated with budworm density (Venier et al. comm. Wilson, D.J. Smith (eds. In addition, this program generally covers the entire breeding range of the species in a given region (Cadman et al. Vol. 2013. Blog des migrations. Adult females and juveniles are generally greyish-brown with a yellowish nape and flanks; the primaries are white at the base, while the secondaries are grey and white. In portions of the Atlantic provinces (especially Newfoundland and Cape Breton), overbrowsing by Moose (Alces americanus) and deer may limit regeneration of suitable habitat (Gosse et al. Climate change may also directly impact food sources of Evening Grosbeaks such as Spruce Budworm. (2008). Map indicating the range (shading) and extent of occurrence (hatching) of the Evening Grosbeak in Canada. Natural Resource Canada.
2008. During the breeding period, agonistic interactions have been reported with several species of forest birds, including Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus), Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), American Robin and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater; Downs 1956). Carl Savignac is director of Dendroica Environnement et Faune, a consulting firm specializing in avian ecology, conservation of species at risk studies, wetlands conservation and impact assessment of industrial development projects on birds and species at risk.
2001). Ornithology in Ontario. A … Comstock Publishing Associates. [accessed October 2015]. Birds of the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. According to the Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas, Evening Grosbeak is most abundant (1.21-14.33 birds / 25 point-count stations) in Bird Conservation Region 12 (Boreal Hardwood Transition) (Hoar 2007), a region characterized by coniferous and northern hardwood forests, nutrient-poor soils, and numerous forested wetlands (NABCI International 2014). The taxonomy is: Evening Grosbeak (Figure 1) is a stocky passerine with colourful plumage and a heavy greenish-yellow bill, slightly smaller than an American Robin (Turdus migratorius) (16.5–18.0 cm; 53–74 g; Gillihan and Byers 2001). In British Columbia, densities were high from 1965-1970 and lower during the budworm outbreak occurring in Eastern Canada (Table 1). The effects of silvicultural treatment on forest birds in the Rocky Mountains: implications and management recommendations. For example, Forest Tent Caterpillar has a long history of periodic outbreaks in Canada (especially in mature and old Trembling Aspen forest), which usually last 3-6 years in any one locality. 1983. Reproduction and nest behaviour of Tennessee warblers, Vermivora peregrina, in forests treated with Lepidoptera-specific insecticides. Matsuoka, A. Hamann, E.M. Bayne, P. Solymos, F.K.A. and E. Bayne. Funding for this report was provided by the Canadian Wildlife Service of Environment and Climate Change Canada. No overall, although the population does fluctuate in association with the cycle of Spruce Budworm, and fluctuations can be extreme in some areas. Ecosystem Management in the Boreal Forest. 2015. Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada, 1969-1980. The visual comparison of regions where Evening Grosbeak was assessed as probable and confirmed breeding between the two atlas periods suggests an increase in squares in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue, North Shore, and Bas-St-Laurent/Gaspésie regions and a decrease in the Outaouais, Laurentian and Mauricie regions during the 2010-2014 period (Figure 12; ABBQ 2014). Chart containing expected counts (with 95-percent confidence intervals) of Evening Grosbeaks from an average Christmas Bird Count circle in Canada, from 1970 through 2012, after accounting for variations in effort within circles, and sampling bias among circles, years, and regions. 2000; Hoffman 2009), due to the ease of capturing this species at bird feeders in winter. In winter, it is nomadic and can range widely, depending on the quantity of seeds produced in the boreal forest. Avian Conservation and Ecology 9:7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00658-090107. Larivée, J. If this new outbreak reaches the same magnitude as the last outbreak, Evening Grosbeak in eastern Canada may rebound to levels observed in the 1970s and 1980s. 1998. Harvesting results in habitat loss for this species, but over the next decade only a small portion of the population is likely to be affected. Bird-Banding 25:87-94. Are there extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals? Cornell University. Betancourt, and W.D.
Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. 2005. Avian abundance in riparian zones of three forest types in the Cascade Mountains, Oregon. The Forestry Chronicle 85:202-217. Although the FBMP primarily targets 52 species (not including Evening Grosbeak), it yields data on occurrence and relative abundance for more than 100 species at those sites.
Models using climate, land use and topography variables on the projected density of Evening Grosbeak in the boreal and hemiboreal forest in North America, on the other hand, predict that the species will increase by 93% in density by 2100 in the northernmost areas of Canada (Stralberg et al. May 2019 He has written over 75 scientific reports and publications, including a dozen bird species status reports in Canada and Quebec. Shaub, M.S. The outbreak is now occurring in five regions of this province but is more pronounced in the Côte-Nord (3.7 million ha) and Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (1 million ha) (MFFPQ 2015) and is now expanding into eastern Ontario and New Brunswick. A number of studies suggest that climate change will reduce the total area of Balsam Fir forests in eastern Canada by the end of the century, which could result in a decline in optimal breeding habitat for Evening Grosbeak (Williams and Liebhold 1997; Matthews et al. Several studies generally agree that climate change may negatively affect the distribution and abundance of Spruce Budworm in Canada, notably in eastern provinces. Nixon, C.D. May 2020 The Canadian Evening Grosbeak population is estimated to be approximately 2,200,000 mature individuals. Delta, B.C. Habitat degradation due to prevention measures to control Spruce Budworm (selective logging and pesticide treatments).
Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:720-728. 2000), although declines in recent decades have greatly reduced frequency of observation and banding. 2009.
Anticipating the consequences of climate change for Canada’s boreal forest ecosystems. Email correspondence to C. Savignac. 2015b). 2009; Venier and Holmes 2010), which is highly detrimental to economic forestry activities involving harvest of fir (Abies spp.)
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