It was anticipated that the concentration of bombing over such a short period would overwhelm the Cologne fire brigades and cause conflagrations similar to those inflicted on London by the Luftwaffe during the Blitz.
Cologne, the first 1000-bomber raid (Crucial battles of World War 2) [Messenger, Charles] on Amazon.com. 4 Mosquitoes on a diversionary nuisance raid, all returned to base (main raids Vaires, near Paris, and Lyons).
In addition to the bombers attacking Cologne, 113 other aircraft on "Intruder" raids harassed German night-fighter airfields. Earlier in the war four hours had been considered acceptable for a mission; for this raid all the bombers passed over Cologne and bombed in a window of 90 minutes, with the first having arrived at 00:47 of 31 May.
Or, he could change bomber doctrine and send an overwhelming number of bombers at once.
No Mosquitoes were lost. 135 aircraft bombed involved in the raid. One returning aircrewman reported he could see the “big red flow [of the city] for miles. The raiders’ squadrons were a Commonwealth mixture: British, Canadian, Australian, New Zealander, and South African. A daylight raid in good weather, the bombing was "highly destructive". British RAF Launched A 1,000 Bomber Raid Against Cologne, Germany, This Day 75-Years Ago; May 30, 1942 — First Ever 1,000 Bomber Attack.
Smashed or damaged were some 250 factories. Cologne’s March and May 1942 destruction was a foretaste of saturation bombing to come: think Hamburg (Operation Gomorrah) in July and August 1943. 39 aircraft encountered ice and cloud, poor bombing results reported. Royal Air Force bombing missions over Germany would, over the course of the war, result in an average of 5 percent losses per mission, so suffering 4 percent losses while wiping out the target in a single mission was an intriguing prospect. Lowering enemy morale and undermining people’s will to sustain the war effort began in a spectacular way late on this date, May 30, 1942, and early the next morning. The main raid of the night was to Leipzig. p. 43.
These were the only Bomber Command sorties of the night. The 157-ft twin spires of its cathedral, navigational landmark for RAF bombers, are clearly visible in the background of an otherwise completely flattened city. In the last RAF raid on Cologne, 858 aircraft bomb in two waves. Germans invented a new word for the damage they had inflicted on the city and its residents: koventrieren (Coventrate). RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War, Nuisance raids forced the population into air raid shelters and activated other defence measures at little cost to the RAF. 8 Mosquitoes on a diversionary nuisance raid, all returned to base (main raid Amiens).
[3] The Admiralty perceived the propaganda justifications too weak an argument against the real and pressing threat of the U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic. Copyright © 2012–2020 World War II - Day By Day. The recent introduction of GEE allowed the bombers to fly a given route at a given time and height. Conditions were cloudy over Cologne so no bombing was undertaken.
So the English forces had only 416 first-line bombers ready for missions.
30–31 May 1942 : First thousand-bomber raid, 1,047 aircraft dispatched in "Operation Millennium" against Cologne.This saw the first use of the "bomber stream" to overwhelm enemy radar and defences by flying in a narrow dense formation.Bomber Command recorded 868 bombers attacking the target with 1,455 tons of bombs. Minimising the former demanded a densely packed stream, as the controllers of a night fighter flying a defensive 'box' could only direct a maximum of six potential interceptions per hour, and the flak gunners could not concentrate on all the available targets at once.
Raids. Harris came up with a plan for getting more bombs on target while, hopefully, sacrificing fewer bombers.
It was expected that such a large number of bombers flying in a bomber stream through the Kammhuber line would overwhelm the German night fighters' control system, keeping the number of bombers shot down to an acceptable proportion.
3 Mosquitoes on a nuisance raid, all returned to base. But we have to accept them.” amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; Britain in 1942 was benefiting from American industry, but its bomber strength was still limited from the lingering effects of the Battle of Britain as well as the toll of regular combat sorties over German-held territory. Together, these units would send 1,046 bombers against the target in just 90 minutes.
Bradford Timeline has uploaded 39374 photos to Flickr. The main raid was to Munich. Foremost among them were destroying Nazi Germany’s war-making capacity, oil installations, and transportation networks; demoralizing Germans by laying waste to their population centers, where mostly civilians lived, many working for the military-industrial firms in the area; and preparing the ground for land-based armed forces to finish the job.
Luftwaffe chief Hermann Goering, with blind sangfroid, remarked in his diary: “The effects of aerial warfare are terrible if one looks at individual cases.
8 Mosquitoes to Cologne and Düsseldorf on nuisance raids. Approximately 45,000 Germans were made homeless by the bombing raid, and 469 were killed.
Although, the city of Hamburg had been the intended target, bad weather over northern Germany had caused Cologne to be selected instead.
27 Mosquitoes bombed Cologne, all returned to base. 2 Mosquitoes were lost. Sure, this would draw the fire of every interceptor and every air defense crew within range, but they would have a limited time in which to attack the bombers. It was expected that the devastation from such raids might be enough to knock Germany out of the war or at least severely damage German morale.
The first 1,000 bomber raid by the RAF was codenamed Operation Millennium, Cologne was chosen as the target and the raid took place on the night of 30/31 May 1942.The Thousand bomber raid was launched for several reasons: 28 Mosquitoes bombed Cologne, all returned to base.
Harris scrambled around and, by crewing 49 more aircraft with pupil pilots and instructors, 1,047 bombers eventually took part in the raid, two and a half times more than any previous raid by the RAF. Locals recorded 3,330 buildings destroyed outright, 2,090 seriously damaged, and 7,420 slightly damaged.
All told, 45,000 residents had been bombed out of homes and businesses, and roughly a fifth of the population fled the city.
No Mosquitoes were lost.
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